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Click on a letter below to move through the list of ingredients!
[ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]
Abietic acid
Obtained from pine rosin. Used as a texturizer in soaps.
Abrasives
The most frequently used are calcium carbonate (chalk) and, in
toothpaste, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate.
Absolutes
Pure essential oils acquired from plants (mostly flowers) and
used in products as natural fragrance additives.
Acetic Acid
Acid found in vinegar, some fruits, and human sweat. Used in hair
dyes and hand lotions, and in lotions for bleaching freckles.
Skin irritant and toxic to lungs.
Acetone
Colorless , flammable liquid. Used in nail polish, nail polish
removers. It is excessively toxic.
Acid rinse
Extremely useful for eliminating soap films from the hair after
shampooing. A mixture of vinegar or lemon juice and water is a
common one.
Aging of Skin
Although aging of skin is said to be a natural process, some of
the effects are not very genuine.
Dry and wrinkled skin is caused by affliction in the skin's
dermal proteins (collagen, elastin and reticulin), but natural
skin care can lessen this. Sun exposure is a major factor in the
appearance of aging.
Albumin
Type of protein found in blood, egg whites, milk, fruits and
vegetables.
Alcohol
A group of compounds that includes ethanol, methanol, and others.
Alkyloamides
Groups of synthetic fatty acids designated as DEA, MEA, MIPA, and
PEG. Used for thickening, gelling, emulsifying, emolliency, skin
and hair conditioning, foam boosting, foam stabilizing, wetting,
opacifying, lubricating, powder binding, skin protecting,
fungicidal properties, and superfatting. Found in shampoos,
bubble baths, and liquid hand and body cleansers. Harmful when
contaminated by nitrosamines, and harmful to the environment
Allantoin
Reported to have healing , soothing and anti-irritating
properties. Extracted from urea, which is derived from the urine
of most animals, and from herbs like comfrey or uva ursi.
Alpha hydroxy acids
Group of acids that appear naturally in fruit. Used in toners,
creams, and masks to exfoliate and moisturize the skin. Can be a
skin irritant causing redness and rashes.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Derived from natural coconut alcohols. Acts as a mild clenser.
Antioxidants
Substances that slow the breakdown of nutrients and counteract
the destructive effect of free radicals (chemically) reactive
compounds) in the body. There are several types which include
vitamins A, E, C complex, and B complex, the minerals selenium
and zinc, and the synthetic compounds BHT and BHA. Vitamins A, C,
and E as well as BHA, and BHT are used as preserving agents in
cosmetics.
Aromatherapy
The art of using the essential (odor producing) oils from roots,
barks, and herbs for treating the skin and body.
Ascorbic acid
Acid occuring naturally in many fruits also known as vitamin C.
Used as a preservative in food and cosmetics. Nontoxic and not a
skin irritant.
Bee pollen
A natural substance that is prominent in pantothenic acid.
European research suggests it may be beneficial in fighting the
effects of radiation exposure. It is not however, particularly
valuable as a topical.
BHA (butylatedhydroxyanisole) and
BHT(butylatedhydroxytoluene)
Synthetic antioxidants used as preservatives.
Biochemistry
The learning of the chemical compounds workings that occur in
living plants and animals.
Biotin
It is one of the B vitamins that assists in dermatitis and hair
loss
Borates
This common term refers to salts describable to boric oxide or
orthoboric acid.
Boric Acid
Also known as acidum boricum. Used widely as an eyewash.
Odorless, white, crystalline powder. It can be used around
windows and doors as a bug repellent. Should not be used in baby
cosmetics or baby powder. It is poisonous at doses 1-3g for
babies, 5g for children and 15-20g for adults.
Botanical
Any substance acquired from plants which has medicinal or similar
uses.
Bronopol
Toxic alcohol. It is used in fabric softeners and detergents. It
is also used in face creams, shampoos, hair dressings, mascara
and bath oils. It is a white crystalline powder, it can cause
skin irritation at concentrations of .25%.
Butyl Acetate
A toxic solvent used in nail polish and many other products.
Butyl Stearate
A artificial chemical is found in face creams and other facial
care products.
Calamine
A pink powder that is made of zinc oxide with a small amount of
ferric oxide. It is used in lotions, ointments, and liniments. It
is a customary mixture that is soothing and healing to the skin.
It is great for itchy rashes such as poison ivy. It is natural
but some formulas contain phenol which can cause poisoning when
applied to the skin. A blend of natural calamine and aloe vera is
a good pure skin treatment for burns, rashes and insect bites.
Calcium Alginate
Nontoxic. It is used in many foods for binding. Also used as a
film-former in peel-off masks. It is a stabilizer for
oil-in-water emulsions.
Calcium Carbonate
Natural occurring salt that is found in limestone, chalk, and
marble. It is used as a pigment and for pigment prolonging. It
has no known toxicity.
Calcium Chloride
Customarily used in road salt and antifreeze. It is used in
cosmetics as an emulsifier and texturizer. If taken internally,
it can cause constipation and stomach problems. It can also cause
lung difficulties if inhaled during manufacturing or processing.
It's toxicity in cosmetics is unknown..
Candellia Wax
A herbal wax. It is used in lipsticks, in creams and as a
replacement for rubber.
Capsicum oleoresin
An oil from the pepper family that is used in hair tonics to
arouse the scalp. It is said to upgrade hair growth. It may
however cause allergic reactions in some people.
Caramel
A concentrated solution of heated sugar or glucose. It is used in
cosmetics as a color, in skin lotions as a soothing agent. In
1981 the FDA ruled caramel generally recognized as safe.
Carbomer 934,940,941,960,961
Used in many cosmetics and toothpastes as a thickener. It can
cause eye irritation.
Carmine
Natural red color comes from the dried female cochineal beetle.
It is sometimes used to color lip gloss, lipsticks and other
cosmetics.
Carotenoids
Develops in plants and in the bodies of plant-eating animals.
They are precursors to vitamin A.
CA 24
Used as an antimicrobial in shampoos and bath lotions at
concentrations of up to .3%. Humans have had allergic reactions
to a .1% water solution of it within 24, 48, or 72 hours of use.
CA 24 contains 70% chloroacetamide and 30% sodium benzoate.
Cellulose
The fiber in the cell walls of all plants. Gum that is made from
it is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer and binder in cosmetics.
There is no known toxicity. Inhaling the powder during
manufacturing or processing can be harmful to the lungs.
Certified Colors
A color "certified" by the FDA as safe. However,
various colors (coal tar dyes) have been found to cause cancer.
But, hair dyes are exempt from even this regulation.
Cetearth-3
Used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and lotion. Dries out the skin
and causes numerous allergic reactions.
Cetearyl alcohol
May be natural or artificial. It's used in most lotions. A
thickener and carrying agent for other ingredients.
Cetyl alcohol
Used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent
for other ingredients. Can be derived naturally as in coconut
fatty alcohol or synthetically.
Cetyl lactate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate
Natural or synthetic compounds used as emollients and texturizers
in cosmetics.
Citric acid
Used as a flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals, and as
preservative, acid, sequestrate. Foam-stabilizer and pH-adjuster
in cosmetics. It is nontoxic.
Cocoamide DEA, MEA, and MIPA
See alkyloamides.
Cocamidopropyl betaine
Artificial substance frequently referred to as a natural
substance made "from coconuts" on the labels of
shampoos. It's a secondary surfactant, used in combination with
other, stronger surfactants.
Collagen
70% of the body's connective tissue in the dermis is made of
collagen. Gerontologists have discovered that is where the aging
process of the skin takes place. Young connective tissue is made
up of soluble collagen whose molecules are disordered in relation
to each other.
As the skin ages, and is exposed to sunlight, chemicals (like
makeup. coal tar dyes, etc.) and various foods, the soluble
collagen becomes "cross-linked," so the molecules are
no longer displaced in relation to each other. Cross-linking
makes the collagen insoluble and inflexible. As this happens, the
connective and becomes strained, dry, wrinkled and worn.
Dantoin 685
A preservative used in shampoos and deodorants. Contains
formaldehyde and N-acetal. Highly toxic. Also listed as DMDM
hydantoin.
D&C
This abbreviation preceding the name of a color, means that the
FDA has certified it as safe for use in drugs and cosmetics, but
not in food. D&C means that the color can only be used
externally, and not around the eyes or inside the mouth. D&C
colors are usually man-made.
Deodorant
A product that reduces perspiration odor. There are natural
deodorants containing herbs like marigold and vitamin E.
Deodorants do not stop perspiration.
Depilatories
Destroy hair by breaking the chemical bonds that hold it
together. After using any hair removal method, a moisturizer
should be applied to soothe the skin.
Detergent
These artificial soaps may be made with a variety of chemicals,
and are frequently not biodegradable.
Diethanolamine
More commonly known by its abbreviation, DEA. One of many
artificial detergents. It may be contaminated with nitrosamines
and should be avoided.
Dimethicone
Gives a smooth feel to a cosmetic cream or lotion. Various
allergic reactions and internal problems make them questionable
as cosmetic ingredients. Although they're still widely used, they
should be avoided. Many herbal oils, such as vegetable glycerin,
can easily replace this chemical.
DMDM hydantoin
See Dantoin 685.
Drug
According to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (as
amended), a drug is:
a. articles recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia, the
official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them
b. articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment or prevention of disease in human beings or other
animals
c. articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or
any function of the body of human beings or other animals
EDTA
An artificial chemical that's used as an antioxidant and as a
"complexing" agent in shampoos-which means that it
binds metallic irons so that the surfactants can work more
effectively.
Emollients
Prevent water loss, and have a softening and soothing effect on
the skin. They can be natural, like almond oil, or manufactured,
like mineral oil.
Essential Fatty Acids
Sometimes known as vitamin F, these substances can't be
manufactured by the body and must be consumed in the diet. There
are three types-linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic.
The primary fatty acids fulfill many functions in our bodies.
They lubricate, aid in the transportation of oxygen to the cells,
help thicken the blood.
Essential oils
Oily liquids obtained from plants. Complex mixtures of alcohols,
ketones, phenols, acids, ethers, aldehydes, esters, oxides and
sulfur compounds (among others). They're also called volatile
oils, ethereal oils, essences or absolutes.
Ethanol (or ethyl alcohol)
Colorless, vaporizable liquid. Has a burning taste. Well-known to
most of us as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
Commonly called simply "alcohol," although there are
many other kinds of alcohols.
Ethanol is widely used in cosmetics as a solvent and as an
antibacterial agent. As a preservative, it's effective at
concentrations of 15% to 20%. It's a antitoxin in concentrations
of 60% to 70%, with a bactericidal effect within 45 seconds. It's
also used in acne treatments and in rinses for oily hair.
Ethanol absorbs water and thus can be very drying in fast-drying
skin lotions (at concentrations of 15%); the lotions need to
include glycerols and vegetable oils to minimize the drying
effect.
Provokes a late allergic reaction in some people when used
topically. Taken orally, ethanol is toxic in doses above 80g.
Ethanol is often purposely made poisonous by the addition of
methanol and it is then known as SDA (specially denatured
alcohol).
Ethyl acetate
Compound made from acetic acid and ethyl alcohol used as a
solvent and in nail polish and nail polish removers. May irritate
skin.
Ext. D&C
When followed by a color, means that the FDA has certified it as
safe for use only in drugs and in cosmetics used externally and
not around the eyes or inside the mouth. It is not safe for
foods.
Fats
Acquired from animal fat, oil seeds or fruit pulp. They are used
as lotion or salve in cosmetics. They can be solid, semisolid, or
liquid.
Fatty acids
Organic oils found in vegetable and animal fats. Excellent skin
emollients and an important part of the diet.
Fatty alcohols
Thick to semi-thick syrup-like liquids. Give high emolliency. Can
be natural or man-made. Sometimes used in hair and
skin-conditioners. creams, lotions, and conditioning shampoos.
FDA
The Food and Drug Administration. The federal agency responsible
for managing the safety and strength of all foods and drugs, and
cosmetics sold in the US.
FD&C
When preceded by the name of a color, the Food and Drug
Administration has certified the coloring safe for use in food,
drugs, and cosmetics.
Fluoride
Fluoride is toxic. It is however used in toothpaste as an
antienzyme ingredient to slow down tooth decay. They are added to
the water supply in some states and sites.
Formaldehyde
Colorless, harsh, irritating substance that is found in many
preservatives. It is severely toxic when inhaled or swallowed.
44% of all people whose skin is exposed to it get an irritating
reaction.
It is used in shampoos at concentrations of .1% to .2%. Methanol
is sometimes added to formaldehyde at a 15% concentration to
prevent polymerization.
Fruit acids
Found in various fruits and herbs. They are used in masks and
moisturizers for their ability to moisturize and exfoliate the
skin. Fruit acids are used in concentrations as low as .25% and
as high as 8%. The higher concentrations increase the
"heat" of the product and the peeling action. It can
also cause skin irritation in some people.
Gamma-linolenic-acid
A fatty acid. Found in evening primrose oil, black currant seeds,
borage oil and mother's milk.
Gelatin
Refined protein from animal origin. Used as a thickener and
film-forming agent.
Glycereth
A polyethylene glycol ether of glycerin is a artificial form of
glycerin.
Glycerin, Glycerine, Glycerol
Sweet, syrupy alcohol that can be produced artificially from
propylene alcohol or naturally derived from vegetable oils. Used
in cosmetics for thousands of years as a solvent, plasticizer,
humectant, emollient, and lubricant
Glyceryl coconate, dilaurate, erucate,
hydroxystearate, monostearate, myristate, oleate, ricinoleate,
sesquioleate, stearate, trimyristate, etc.
Largely artificial chemicals with a drop or two of some natural
fatty acid . Used as a texturizer in pasta products and as a
opacifying agent in shampoos, lotions and creams.
Glycolic acid
Used as a skin care treatment in exfoliation creams and masks. It
may irritate mucous membranes and cause allergic reactions.
Gums
Polysaccharides of high molecular weight that are scattered in
water. They are incomparable to manufactured polymers like the
PVP/PVA copolymers. Some of the gums used as hair setting
products. Natural thickeners are acacia, tragacanth, quince seed
and locust bean.
Herb
Particularly used in medicine, cosmetics, or foods. A plant
without woody tissue that withers and dies after flowering.
Homosalate
Artificial chemical that is used to replace the phenolic
compounds that are used in sunscreens.
Humectant
Used to retain moisture. Using a natural humectant in a cosmetic
product helps speed moiturization to the skin.
Hydrate
As a noun, this means a compound formed by the union of water
with another substance. As a verb, it means to supply water to
something that absorbs it.
Hydrocortisone
A hormone from the adrenal gland. Synthesized for medical use,
particularly for application to inflamed skin. It can adversely
affect the skin by damaging the collagen of the connective
tissues.
Hydrolyzed Animal Protein
Appears in many shampoos. Improves hair, repairs spilt ends and
gives luster to the hair.
Hydrophilic
Cosmetic ingredient that will attract moisture to the skin.
Hydroxyethylcellulose
Artificial polymer is used as an emulsifier and plasticizer.
Imidazolidinyl urea
Commonly used cosmetic preservative. Can cause contact
dermatitis.
In Vitro
Experiments carried out in an artificial environment, outside of
living organisms.
In Vivo
Within a living organisms, as opposed to in vitro.
Iodine
Nonmetallic element. Occurs in seawater and in plants and animals
that grow in the sea. When applied topically, it has antiseptic
benefits.
Iron oxides
Compounds of iron that are used as colorings in some cosmetics.
Also known as jewelers' rouge, or rust.
Isopropyl Alcohol
Artificial fatty alcohol. Used as an antiseptic, a solvent, a
rubbing alcohol and as a source for acetone..
Isopropyl Lanolate, Laurate, Oleate, Palmitate,
stearate and Isostearate
These esters of isopropyl alcohol and various fatty acids.
Isopropyl Myristate
This synthetic chemical, and to reduce the greasy feel caused by
the high oil content of other ingredients.
Jojoba Butter and Oil
A sun care lotion which protects from UV sun rays.
Kaolin
Used in manufacturing high-grade porcelain, paper, paint, cloth,
soaps and many powdered and covering cosmetics. It's also used
for it's dehydrating and astringent effect. It's known as China
Clay.
Keratin
This insoluble albumoid (fiber protein) can be found in horny
tissues like the hair and nails. High in sulfur, it's quite
strong, but it is subject to chemical penetration.
Ketones
These odorous substances, used in nail polish removers, are
toxic.
Labeling
The Cosmetic Labeling Act ( Fair packaging and labeling act )
marked a major step in helping consumers become aware of what
they put into their hair and rub onto their faces. Passed April
14, 1977, it requires that ingredients be listed, in descending
order of concentration, on the labels of most cosmetics. Soap,
however, excluded, and flavors, fragrances and trade secrets
don't have to be listed specifically.
Lactic acid
Naturally occurs in products made by bacterial fermentation.
Produces pH levels like those of the hair and skin. It also helps
moistures the skin naturally.
Lake Colors
These solid forms of dyes are made by mixing liquid dye with an
insoluble powder like aluminum oxide. They may be natural, but
they're usually manufactured and are made from coal tar.
Lanolin
This yellow, semisolid, fatty discharge from sheep's wool is used
as an emulsifier, a base and an ointment. There have been some
reports of allergic reactions.
Lauramide DEA
This white, waxy, nonionic, artificial chemical is used in
shampoos, bubble baths and detergents as a surfactant and
foam-builder. It may be mildly irritating to the skin.
Lauryl alcohol
This fatty alcohol, often derived from coconut oil, is used to
make anionic surfactants. It may be natural or man-made.
Lecithin
Used as an emulsifier and surfactant. High in the B vitamins
choline and inositol. It's found in egg yolk and manufactured
from soy oil.
Linoleic acid
Essential fatty acid, found in cold pressed oils, used as an
emulsifier in cosmetics.
Lipids
These materials are soluble in alcohol (and other solvents) but
not in water. Include fatty acids, fats, waxes, fixed oils,
phosphatides, cerebrosides and sometimes steroids and
carotenoids. Along with proteins and carbohydrates, lipids
constitute the structure of cells. When used on the skin, they
have a moisturizing and cream action.
Liposomes
Microscopic sacs obtained from natural or synthetic sources.
Because these can easily penetrate the skin, in lotions and
creams liposomes are used to deliver substances, contained within
the sac, to internal skin layers.
Magnesium aluminum silicate
Flaky white solid. Used as an filler, and thickener in cosmetics.
Especially used in antiperspirants, creams, and shaving creams.
Magnesium stearate
Used as a filler in cosmetics.
MEA
Monoethanolamine, see alkyloamides.
Menthol
Derived from peppermint. Has soothing properties if used in
concentrations of 1% or less.
Methyl acetate
Artificial chemical used as an aromatic and solvent. It can cause
dryness.
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Flammable, colorless liquid. Primarily used as a solvent. Skin
irritant.
Mica
Somewhat shiny silicate minerals. Split into very thin sheets.
Used in eye cosmetics to provide sparkle.
Mineral oil
A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons gathered from petroleum.
Moisturizer
When externally used on the hair or skin raises the moisture
content.
Monoethanolamine
Liquid amino alcohol that is used as an humectant and emulsifier
in cosmetics.
Nail polish remover
Highly flammable. Can dissolve many plastics. It can be fatal if
swallowed. The conditioning ingredients do little to mitigate
acetone's strongly drying and degreasing effects.
Nitrocellulose
Flammable man-made substance. Used as an emulsifier and
protective film in cosmetics, especially nail polish.
Nitrosamines
Carcinogenic compounds formed from secondary amines (nitosating
agents) and nitrous acid. Typical nitrosating agents used in
cosmetic formulations are DEA, MEA, and TEA.
Oleic acid
Fatty acid that is a common constituent of many animals and
vegetables. It is a common cosmetic ingredient.
Oleth-2 through Oleth-50
These polyethylene glycol ethers of oleic alcohol are used as
surfactants.
Oleyl alcohol
Fatty alcohol. Oily, unsaturated liquid found in fish oils. Is
used to make surface-active agents.
Oxybenzone
Sunscreening agent derived from isopropanol.
Ozokerite
Naturally occuring waxlike mineral. An emulsifier and thickening
agent used in lipstick and cream rouge.
Palmitate
Used in baby oils, bath oils, eye creams, hair conditioners, and
moisturizers. It can cause allergic reactions in some people.
Palm oil
White to yellowish fat. Used to make soaps, shampoos, ointments,
and margarine.
Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Found in Vitamin B complex. Used in sunscreen formulations and as
an anesthetic in sunburn products. Can cause allergic reactions.
Parabens
Toxic. Allergenic. Artificial chemicals. Used to preserve
cosmetics. They are not effective with shampoos or with products
that contain proteins.
Paraffin
Waxy, crystalline mixture. Used as a thickener for cosmetics.
Patch test
Apply a small amount of cosmetic to your inner arm, cover it with
a bandage and leave it for 24 hours, if you are concerned with
allergic reactions.
Pectin
Natural substance. Used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and
thickener. Contains partially methoxylated polygalacturonic
acids.
PEG compounds
Artificial. Used as solvents, bases, carriers, emulsifiers and
dispersants.
Peptides
Natural or artificial. Composed of amino acids linked by peptide
bonds. When peptide bonds in the hair are broken, the result is
damaged hair.
Petroleum jelly
Semisolid mixture. Obtained from petroleum.
PHBs
These are preservatives widely used in many cosmetics and
shampoo. Another name is paraben.
Phosphoric acid
Clear. Viscous liquid. Use in cosmetics as an antioxidant,
sequestrant and acidifier.
Phytocosmetic
A cosmetic made mainly from vegetable sources.
Placenta
An organ present in all mammals except marsupials and monotremes,
unites the fetus to the mother and is expelled at birth. Bovine
placenta liquid, obtained from cows is used in some cosmetics as
a moisturizer.
Polymers, polymeric, polymerization
Used in cosmetics to keep sunscreens from washing off, in
hair-setting products, and as binders in skin creams. Plastic
fingernails are also produced by polymerization.
Polysorbates
Fatty acid esters. Used in many cosmetics as emulsifiers.
Polysorbates are assigned different numerical values according to
their formulas and whether they're intended to be used in foods
or cosmetics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Commonly known as PVP. Used in hairspray and other cosmetics.
Inhaled particles may cause problems in the lungs of sensitive
people.
Propylene Glycol
One of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics. Most common
moisture carrying vehicle other than water. Permeates skin better
than glycerin, but causes more sensitivity reactions
Psoriasis
A disease of the skin. Marked by crusty patches. They can be
large or small and can cover the entire body, including the
scalp. Believed to be hereditary. Result of a rapid abnormal
growth of skin tissue. Is not curable. Can be controlled by using
UV light. UV light slows down the reproduction of skin cells.
Quaternary ammonium salts
Used as water repellents, fungicides, emulsifiers, paper and
fabric softeners, antistatic agents and corrosion inhibitors.
Their use in cosmetics, especially in hair conditioners and creme
rinses, came from the paper and fabric industries.
Quaternium-15
Toxic chemical. More effective against bacteria than against
molds and yeast.
Retinoic acid
A derivative of Vitamin A.
Salicyclic Acid
The active ingredient in aspirin. Used in cosmetics as an
antiseptic and preservative.
Saturated fats
A fat. Usually of animal origin. Fatty acid chains can't
accommodate any more hydrogen atoms become saturated.
Sebaceous glands
Glands in the skin that open into hair follicles and from which
sebum is secreted.
Sodium alginate
Natural compound. Mostly used as a thickener and emulsifier in
foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Sodium ascorbate
Used in cosmetics as an antioxidant and preservative.
Sodium bisulphite
Artificial chemical that is used as a hair relaxer and a
preservative.
Sodium borate
Used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, preservative and detergent
builder.
Sodium carbonate
Used in cosmetics as a humectant and an alkalizer.
Sodium citrate
Crystalline salt. Used in cosmetics as a sequestrant and an
alkalizer, and in foods as a buffering agent.
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Very popular ingredient. Used as a detergent, emulsifier and
surfactant in over a thousand cosmetic products. This includes
shampoos, toothpaste, lotions, and creams.
Sodium thioglycolate
A chemical used in permanents as a hair relaxer. Is a primary
irritant.
Soybean oil
Pale yellow oil. Consists of mostly glycerides of linoleic,
oleic, linolenic and plamitic acids. Used in cosmetics as an
emollient.
Stearalkonium chloride
Used almost universally in hair conditioners. It was originally
developed by the textile industry for use as a fabric softener.
It also has antistatic properties.
Steareth-2,-4,-7,-10,-20,-30
Used as lotions and emulsifiers.
Stearic acid
Waxy. Crystalline. Fatty acid. Found in cocoa butter and other
vegetable fats. It is mainly from tallow and other animal fats.
Sulfate
Artificial liquid. Made with sulfated oils. Used to make
manufactured soaps and detergents. Harmful to marine life and the
environment.
TEA
Trietholanolamine. Used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, an
emulsifier, a preservative, and in soap formulations. May be
harmful when contaminated by nitrosamines.
Tea tree oil
Derived from the tree Melaleuca alternifolia. Used as an
antiseptic and germicide. Also used for insect bites, skin
problems, as a dentifrice, and mouthwash. Cosmetic applications
are often dandruff shampoos, face masks, and topical creams.
TEA-lauryl sulfate
Very popular shampoo ingredient. Used as synthetic detergent. A
combination of triethanolamine and the salt of lauryl sulfuric
acid.
Thioglycolates
Compounds capable of breaking down the protein bonds in hair.
Used in permanent waves and depilatory agents. Toxic in small
doses and can damage hair and skin.
Titanium dioxide
White powder. Used as a pigment in eye makeup, sunscreens, and
foundation makeup. It is also used as an opacifying agent, for
its covering power, brilliance and reflectivity.
Toluene
Used s a solvent in cosmetics, especially nail polish, and also
dyes. It is used in pharmaceuticals and gasoline as a blending
agent. It is toxic and narcotic in high concentrations.
Tragacanth
Herbal gum. Used as a thickener in cosmetics and in hair care
products as a hairspray or setting-lotion ingredient.
Triclosan
An antibacterial agent used in deodorant and deodorant soaps.
Absorption through skin may cause liver damage.
Urea
Found in urine and other body fluids. Used medicinally as a
diuretic and in cosmetics. Can cause an allergic reaction to
those allergic to ammonia, and is an eye irritant.
Vitamin A
Fat-soluble vitamin. Helps remedy rough and dry skin and has been
used in the treatment of psoriasis. It has been used as a topical
acne treatment. Some people are allergic to it. It has been used
to treat aging skin. It can be obtained from fish liver oil,
liver, carrots, green and yellow vegetables, eggs, milk, and
dairy products, margarine and yellow fruits. It prevents vitamin
C from being oxidized too quickly in the body. Normal dosages are
harmless.
Vitamin C
Can preserve cosmetics both in the water phase and in its
fat-soluble form. It plays an important role in building
collagen, the connective tissue that holds us together.
Vitamin D
Fat-soluble vitamin essential for healthy bones, teeth , and the
absorption of calcium. The body can produce its own vitamin D
from sun exposure.
Vitamin E
One of the most compelling natural, fat-soluble antioxidants in
use- particularly when combined with vitamin C and vitamin A.
Wheat germ oil
Oil from the embryo of the wheat kernel that is high in vitamin
E. Used as a moisturizer in cosmetics.
Zinc
oxide
White powder used in skin ointments for ultraviolet protection
and diaper rash treatment. Also used for its skin cleansing
properties.
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